Calbiotech Cardiolipin IgG ELISA

SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION 

Measurement of IgG, IgM and IgA cardiolipin autoantibodies (aCL) by EIA is the standard procedure for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in patients with suspected antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). High aCL concentrations are associated with increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombocytopenia. Patients with the anti-cardiolipin syndrome have one of the above clinical features and have antibodies to cardiolipin and/or a positive lupus anticoagulant test. The antibodies present to cardiolipin may be of the IgG, IgA, IgM isotypes. Testing for the various antibody isotypes to cardiolipin aid in diagnosis of the anti-phospholipid syndrome in patients with SLE or lupus-like disorders. Binding of aCL to CL in patients with autoimmune diseases is dependent on the presence of the cofactor beta-2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI); this binding is independent of beta-2-GPI in patients with infectious diseases (e.g., syphilis, tuberculosis). Recognition of the role of beta-2- GPI in the binding of aCL led to development of assay for direct measurement of beta-2-GPI autoantibodies using beta-2-GPI as antigen, allowing a clear distinction between beta-2-GPI autoantibodies and those that bind to CL alone.

PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST 

Diluted patient serum is added to wells coated with purified aCL antigen. aCL specific IgG antibody, if present, binds to the antigen. All unbound materials are washed away and the enzyme conjugate is added to bind to the antibodyantigen complex, if present. Excess enzyme conjugate is washed off and substrate is added. The plate is incubated to allow the hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme. The intensity of the color generated is proportional to the amount of specific antibody in the sample.